ACT vs SAT: The Differences Explained

1.0 Top

What are the SAT and ACT?

1.1

The SAT

Let's start with the SAT. The SAT consists of two main sections: Evidence-Based Reading and Writing (EBRW) and Math. The EBRW section includes Reading, Writing, & Language components. The Reading section assesses students' ability to comprehend and analyse texts from various sources, including literature, social studies, and science. It tests skills such as understanding main ideas, making inferences, and interpreting data presented in charts or graphs.

The Writing & Language section focuses on grammar, punctuation, sentence structure, and logical expression within the context of editing and revising written passages.

In terms of scoring, the SAT has a total score range of 400-1600, with the EBRW and Math sections each contributing a maximum of 800 points.

1.2

The ACT

The ACT is structured differently from the SAT. It comprises four main sections: English, Mathematics, Reading, and Science, with an optional Writing section (which some colleges require). The English section evaluates grammar, punctuation, sentence structure, and rhetorical skills, similar to the Writing & Language section of the SAT. It includes passages that test students' ability to revise and edit texts for clarity and coherence.

The ACT has a composite score range of 1-36, averaging scores from all four required sections. Both tests also have optional essay sections, scored separately, that some colleges may require.

1.3

SAT vs ACT: A Comparison

Feature	SAT	ACT
Sections	EBRW, Math	English, Math, Reading, Science
Optional Writing Section	Yes	Yes (required by some colleges)
Scoring	Total score of 400-1600	Composite score of 1-36
Reading Section	Passages from literature, social studies, science	Passages from natural sciences, social sciences, humanities
Math Section	Algebra, problem-solving, data analysis	Algebra, geometry, trigonometry
Focus on Grammar	Yes (Writing & Language section)	Yes (English section)
Calculator Use	Allowed in one of the Math sections	Allowed in the entire Math section
Penalty for Wrong Answers	No	No

---

2.0 Top

ACT and SAT Logistics

2.1

Test Dates and Registration

Both the ACT and SAT offer multiple test dates throughout the year to accommodate students' schedules. You can find specific test dates and register for exams through the following links:

ACT Test Dates and Registration: ACT Test Dates

SAT Test Dates and Registration: SAT Test Dates

2.2

Costs and Fee Waivers

As of 2024, the current test fees are on each official website.

The entire ACT, including the writing test, costs roughly $210, or roughly £160 at the time of writing. There are additional fees for extra services, such as deciding to remove the written test at the last minute, for late registration, for additional score reports, and so on.

Test fees for the SAT start at $24, with extra fees for late registration, changing test centres, and requesting additional score reports.

Fee waivers are available for both tests for students who receive free or reduced-price school lunches, making the tests and score reports free of charge.

If you feel that you are eligible for a waiver, visit the respective pages below:

SAT Free Waivers

ACT Free Waivers

2.3

Test Formats

SAT: The SAT transitioned to a fully digital format in 2024. This shift aims to provide more flexibility and accessibility to students worldwide.

ACT: Currently, the ACT offers paper-based and computer-based testing options. There is ongoing discussion about a potential shift to fully digital testing, although specific plans and timelines have not been finalised yet.

---

3.0 Top

Breaking down SAT and ACT Scores

The ACT is scored on a scale from 1 to 36. Each of the four sections (English, Math, Reading, Science) receives a score from 1 to 36. The scores from these sections are averaged to produce a composite score, which is also on a scale of 1 to 36.

The SAT is scored on a scale from 400 to 1600. It consists of two main sections: Evidence-Based Reading and Writing (scored from 200 to 800) and Math (scored from 200 to 800). The total SAT score is the sum of these two section scores.

Colleges often use conversion charts to equate ACT scores to SAT scores and vice versa. These charts facilitate comparisons between the two tests and ensure that students are evaluated fairly regardless of their choice. Understanding these scoring systems and conversions can help students make informed decisions about which test to take and how to interpret their scores in the context of college admissions.

---

4.0 Top

Subject-Specific Comparisons

4.1

Math Content Differences

The SAT strongly emphasises algebra, including linear equations, systems of equations, and quadratic equations. It provides a list of key formulas and equations at the beginning of the Math section. Trigonometry is limited on the SAT, appearing more contextualized within geometry questions.

The ACT includes a broader range of math topics, including algebra, geometry, and trigonometry. Unlike the SAT, the ACT does not provide a list of formulas, requiring students to recall and apply them independently. Trigonometry appears more prominently on the ACT, with questions about trigonometric functions, identities, and equations.

4.2

English, Reading, and Writing

Section Structure

SAT
The SAT combines Reading and Writing into a single section called Evidence-Based Reading and Writing (EBRW). This section includes passages that test comprehension, analysis, and grammar skills in an integrated format.

ACT
Meanwhile, the ACT separates these skills into distinct sections:

English: Focuses on grammar, punctuation, sentence structure, and rhetorical skills.
Reading: Tests comprehension, analysis, and interpretation of passages from various subjects.
Optional Writing Section: Requires students to write an essay in response to a prompt, demonstrating their ability to analyse and present their ideas coherently.

Question Types

SAT
Passage-based reading comprehension questions Identifying and correcting grammar and punctuation errors; vocabulary in context; analysis of informational graphics.

ACT
English: Sentence structure and formation; punctuation and grammar rules; rhetorical skills and strategies

Reading: Passage-based comprehension question; understanding of social science, natural sciences, and literary narratives

Optional Writing Section: Essay prompt requiring analysis of a given issue or argument and providing a perspective on it

4.3

Science

ACT Science Section:

The ACT Science section assesses students' ability to interpret scientific data and understand experimental setups. It presents passages that include graphs, charts, tables, and conflicting viewpoints related to scientific topics. The section tests skills in analysing trends, making predictions based on data, and understanding experimental methodologies. Importantly, scientific knowledge is not required; familiarity with scientific terminology and the ability to interpret graphical representations are fundamental.

SAT Science Integration:

In contrast to the ACT, the SAT does not have a separate Science section. Instead, it integrates science-like analysis within other sections, such as the Reading and Writing sections. The SAT may include passages that require analytical reading of scientific or technical articles, analysing data presented in graphs or charts, or interpreting information related to scientific topics.

Students who are comfortable with analytical reading and interpreting data presented in various formats may find the SAT's integrated approach appealing. This format allows students to demonstrate their ability to analyse and apply information across different contexts, including scientific content embedded within broader reading passages.

---

5.0 Top

Choosing Between the ACT and SAT

Here's a structured approach to help students make an informed decision:

Take Practice Tests: Begin by taking full-length practice tests for both the ACT and SAT. This allows students to experience each test's format, timing, and types of questions. Simulating test conditions as closely as possible is essential to gauge performance accurately.

Availability of Prep Resources: Acknowledge that SAT prep resources, including official study guides, practice tests, and online resources, are more widely available. However, emphasis should be placed on the fact that comprehensive ACT prep materials are also accessible and effective in preparing for the test.

Perceived Test Difficulty: Some students find the ACT easier to perform with less preparation. The ACT often appeals to students who excel in quick problem-solving and prefer straightforward questions in subjects like Math and Science.

Individual Strengths and Preferences: Encourage students to consider their academic strengths:

ACT: Suitable for students who are comfortable with quick decision-making, as it emphasises time management and problem-solving skills in subjects like Math and Science.

SAT: Ideal for students who excel in analytical reading, critical thinking, and in-depth analysis, particularly in the Reading and Writing sections.

Personal Comfort and Test Format: Some students may find the ACT's straightforward question style more intuitive, while others may prefer the SAT's emphasis on analytical skills and interpreting complex texts.

Learn more about the SAT and ACT here; alternatively, contact us to talk to an expert who can help you make an informed decision.

---

6.0 Top

Final Thoughts

As you make your decision between the ACT and SAT, it's important to know that both the ACT and SAT are equally valued by colleges and universities across the United States. Your choice between these tests should ultimately reflect your personal strengths, testing style, and the areas where you feel most confident.

At Ivy Education, we offer private tuition services to help you prepare effectively for both the SAT and ACT. Whether you aim to refine your quick problem-solving skills for the ACT or enhance your analytical abilities for the SAT, our expert tutors are here to support you on your journey.

Explore our ACT and SAT tuition services to discover how personalised guidance can help you achieve your best score and reach your academic goals.

---

Need more help?

Our US Admissions Specialists would be more than happy to help your family with your decision. Contact us today to get in touch with them.

Get in touch 8.0 Top

FAQs

---